For example, Java has four equivalent ways to add one to an integer variable:
i = i + 1; i++; ++i; i += 1;
| introduction | compute compute + output input, compute, output input source screen console (prompt) command line paramters file net device input - read until EOF (test with read vs. test first) hmmm, that sounds like a pattern used by iterators also until count until value input - data representation binary character error detection range checks overflow check (hard) null check input consistency internal consistency tracing error handling (types: data vs programming) reprompt loop stop ignore fix and continue ask give message call error routine throw exception logging ignore - crash or let system handle it |
| introduction | right column |