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Title: Java: Random Numbers - shuffling • Size: 3037 • Last Modified: Fri, 14 Jan 2005 00:25:28 GMT

Java: Random Numbers - shuffling

A standard approach to shuffling the elements of an array is to write some code as described below. However, as of Java 2 the java.util.Collections class contains a static shuffle(list) method, but this doesn't work with arrays, only Lists (eg, ArrayList).

Shuffling: Random numbers without replacement

The random number methods generate numbers with replacement. This means that a particular random number may be generated repeatedly. If you don't want the same numbers to be repeated, you need to put the values (numbers, strings, objects, ...) in an array, then shuffle the array by randomly exchanging the array elements. The example below shows how to produce the values from 0 to 51 in a random order with no repetition.

Example: Shuffling

A common problem is to shuffle (to randomly rearrange) the elements of an array. Here is how to do that.

Random rgen = new Random();  // Random number generator
int[] cards = new int[52];  

//--- Initialize the array to the ints 0-51
for (int i=0; i<52; i++) {
    cards[i] = i;
}

//--- Shuffle by exchanging each element randomly
for (int i=0; i<52; i++) {
    int randomPosition = rgen.nextInt(52);
    int temp = cards[i];
    cards[i] = card[randomPosition];
    cards[randomPosition] = temp;
}

java.util.Collections.shuffle(...)

Java 2 offers nice classes for handling data structures, the so-called "Collections" classes, however most of these do not work on simple arrays of primitive values. If your data is already in one of the collections classes, eg, ArrayList, then you can use the java.util.Collections.shuffle() method. Arrays of objects can easily be converted to ArrayLists by using the java.util.Arrays.asList(. . .) method.

Random numbers - intro, Random numbers - API

Java: Random Numbers - shuffling

Shuffling: Random numbers without replacement

Example: Shuffling

java.util.Collections.shuffle(...)

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